Assignment on Amlodipine free essay sample

Amlodipine (Norvasc (Pfizer) and generics) (as besylate, mesylate or maleate) is a long-acting calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine (DHP) class) used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina. Like other calcium channel blockers, amlodipine acts by relaxing the smooth muscle in the arterial wall, decreasing total peripheral resistance and hence reducing blood pressure; in angina it increases blood flow to the heart muscle (although DHP-class calcium channel blockers are more selective for arteries than myocardium, as the cardiac calcium channels are not of the dihydropyridine-type). Systematic (IUPAC) name (RS)-3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. Stereoisomerism Amlodipine is a chiral calcium antagonist, currently on the market and in therapeutic use as a racemate [1:1 mixture of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(–)-amlodipine]] A method for the semi-preparative chromatographic purification of the enantiomers (S)-(–)-amlodipine and (R)-(+)-amlodipine has been reported. Enantiomer of amlodipine DESCRIPTION NORVASC ® is the besylate salt of amlodipine, a long-acting calcium channel blocker. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment on Amlodipine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amlodipine besylate is chemically described as 3-Ethyl-5-methyl ( ±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulphonate. Its empirical formula is C 20 H 25 CIN 2 O 5 †¢C 6 H 6 O 3 S, and its structural formula is: Amlodipine besylate is a white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 567. 1. It is slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. NORVASC (amlodipine besylate) tablets are formulated as white tablets equivalent to 2. 5, 5 and 10 mg of amlodipine for oral administration. In clinical studies, most patients with coronary artery disease required 10 mg. Usual Adult Amlodipine Dose for Coronary Artery Disease: Chronic stable or vasospastic angina, or angiographically documented coronary artery disease in patients without heart failure or an ejection fraction less than 40%: 5 to 10 mg orally once a day Most patients with chronic stable or vasospastic angina require 10 mg for adequate effect. In clinical studies, most patients with coronary artery disease required 10 mg. Usual Geriatric Amlodipine Dose for Hypertension: Initial dose: 2. 5 mg orally once a day Maintenance dose: 2. 5 to 10 mg orally once a day Usual Geriatric Dose for Angina Pectoris: Chronic stable or vasospastic angina: 5 to 10 mg orally once a day The lower dose is recommended in the elderly; however, most patients require 10 mg for adequate effect. Usual Pediatric Dose for Hypertension: 6 to 17 years: 2. 5 mg to 5 mg orally once a day Doses in excess of 5 mg daily have not been studied in pediatric patients. Important information about amlodipine Before taking amlodipine, tell your doctor if you have congestive heart failure or liver disease. Drinking alcohol can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of amlodipine. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using amlodipine even if you feel well. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life. Amlodipine is only part of a complete program of treatment that may also include diet, exercise, weight control, and other medications. Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Tell your doctor about all other heart or blood pressure medications you are taking. Your chest pain may become worse when you first start taking amlodipine or when your dose is increased. Call your doctor if your chest pain is severe or ongoing. Before taking amlodipine You should not take this medication if you are allergic to amlodipine. To make sure you can safely take amlodipine, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions: * a heart valve problem called aortic stenosis; * congestive heart failure; or * liver disease. If you are also taking a beta-blocker drug (such as Betapace, Blocadren, Corgard, Coreg, Inderal, InnoPran, Lopressor, Normodyne, Tenoretic, Tenormin, Toprol, Trandate, Zebeta, and others) do not suddenly stop using the beta-blocker without first talking to your doctor. You may need to use less and less before you stop the medication completely. Stopping a beta-blocker too quickly can cause serious heart problems that will not be prevented by amlodipine. FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether amlodipine will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether amlodipine passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are taking amlodipine. Amlodipine side effects Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to amlodipine: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as: * feeling like you might pass out; * swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet; * pounding heartbeats or fluttering in your chest; or * chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling. Less serious amlodipine side effects may include: * headache;